Site n'aka José Miguel Muñoz Gómez - Polyethylene liners nwere njupụta dị elu bụ nke ama ama maka arụmọrụ njide na ebe a na-egwupụta ala, Ngwuputa ihe, mmiri mkpofu na akụkụ ndị ọzọ dị mkpa. Atụlechaghị ọnụ mana ntule kwesịrị ekwesị bụ ọkwa carbon akara nke HDPE geomembranes na-enye ihe mgbochi ọdịnala dị ka ụrọ agbakọtara.
A 1.5mm (60-mil) HDPE liner nwere ike inye akara dị ka 0.6m nke ụrọ dị elu, na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ ma na-enye ikike dị ala karịa 1 x 10-11 m / sec (kwa ASTM D 5887). The HDPE geomembrane emesịa gafere n'ozuzu impermeability na nkwado jikoro mgbe mmadụ na-enyocha zuru akwụkwọ ndekọ sayensị, na-atụle ihe niile akụrụngwa na ike na mmepụta nke ụrọ na HDPE geomembranes ga-eji dị ka ihe mgbochi oyi akwa.
Usoro geosynthetic na-enye, dị ka data na-egosi, ihe ngwọta dị mma na gburugburu ebe obibi.
CARBON FOOTPRINT & NDỤMỌDỤ GEOMEMBRANE HDPE
Akụkụ bụ isi nke HDPE bụ monomer ethylene, nke a na-eme ka ọ bụrụ polyethylene. Ndị isi ihe na-eme ka aluminom trikylitatanium tetrachloride na chromium oxide
Polymerization nke ethylene na co-monomers n'ime HDPE na-apụta na reactor na ọnụnọ hydrogen na okpomọkụ ruru 110 ° C (230 ° F). A na-enyezi ntụ ntụ HDPE nke pụta n'ime pelletizer.
SOTRAFA na-eji usoro calanded (flat die) mee ka isi ya na HDPE geomembrane (ALVATECH HDPE) site na pellets ndị a.
Nchọpụta GHG na CO2 Dakọtara
Gasị ikuku griin ha gụnyere na nlebanyere akara ụkwụ carbon anyị bụ GHG ndị bụ isi a tụlere na ụkpụrụ ndị a: carbon dioxide, methane, na nitrous oxide. Gas nke ọ bụla nwere ike ịdị na-ekpo ọkụ n'ụwa dị iche (GWP), nke bụ ihe nleba anya na oke ikuku ikuku griin na-enye aka na okpomoku zuru ụwa ọnụ ma ọ bụ mgbanwe ihu igwe.
Enyere carbon dioxide site na nkọwapụta GWP nke 1.0. Iji quantitatively na-agụnye onyinye nke methane na nitrous oxide n'ozuzu mmetụta, a na-amụba uka nke methane na nitrous oxide emission site na GWP nke ha dị iche iche wee tinye na uka carbon dioxide iji gbakọọ "carbon dioxide dakọtara" uka. mgbapụta. Maka ebumnuche nke akụkọ a, ewepụtara GWP ndị ahụ site na ụkpụrụ e depụtara na ntụzịaka EPA US 2010 “Mkpakọba Amanyere nke Greenhouse Gas Emissions.”
GWPs maka GHG tụlere na nyocha a:
Carbon dioxide = 1.0 GWP 1 n'arọ CO2 eq/kg CO2
Methane = 21.0 GWP 21 Kg CO2 eq/Kg CH4
Nitrous oxide = 310.0 GWP 310 n'arọ CO2 eq/kg N2O
N'iji GWP ndị ikwu nke GHGs, a gbakọrọ oke carbon dioxide dakọtara (CO2eq) dị ka ndị a:
kg CO2 + (21.0 x n'arọ CH4) + (310.0 x n'arọ N2O) = kg CO2 eq
Echiche: Ike, mmiri na ozi mkpofu site na mwepu nke akụrụngwa (mmanụ ma ọ bụ gas) site na mmepụta nke pellets HDPE wee mepụta geomembrane HDPE:
5 mm gbara ọkpụrụkpụ HDPE geomembrane, nwere njupụta 940 Kg/m3
HDPE carbon akara ukwu bụ 1.60Kg CO2/kg polyethylene (ICE, 2008)
940Kg/m3 x 0.0015 mx 10,000 m2/ha x 1.15 (nyochaa na ihe nkpuchi) = 16,215 Kgr HDPE/ha
E = 16,215 Kg HDPE/Ha x 1.60 Kg CO2/kg HDPE => 25.944 Kg CO2 eq/ha
Transportgbọ njem echiche: 15.6 m2 / ụgbọ ala, 1000 km si n'ichepụta ụlọ ọrụ gaa ebe ọrụ
15 n'arọ CO2/ gal mmanụ dizel x gal / 3,785 lita = 2.68 Kg CO2 / lita mmanụ dizel
26 g N2O/gal diesel x gal/3,785 lita x 0.31 n'arọ CO2 eq/g N2O = 0.021 n'arọ CO2 eq/liter diesel
44g CH4/gal diese x gal/3,785 lita x 0.021 n'arọ CO2 eq/g CH4 = 0.008 n'arọ CO2 eq/liter diesel
1 lita mmanụ dizel = 2.68 + 0.021 + 0.008 = 2.71 n'arọ CO2 eq
Ihe na-ebufe ngwaahịa gwongworo n'okporo ụzọ:
E = TMT x (EF CO2 + 0.021∙EF CH4 + 0.310∙EF N2O)
E = TMT x (0.972 + (0.021 x 0.0035)+(0.310 x 0.0027)) = TM x 0.298 Kg CO2 eq/ton-mile
Ebe:
E = Mkpokọta CO2 dakọtara (kg)
TMT = Ton Miles mere njem
EF CO2 = ihe na-emepụta ihe ikuku CO2 (0.297 n'arọ CO2/ton-mile)
EF CH4 = CH4 ihe na-emepụta ihe (0.0035 gr CH4/ton-mile)
EF N2O = N2O emission ihe (0.0027 g N2O/ton-mile)
Na-atụgharị gaa na nkeji metric:
0.298 n'arọ CO2/ton-mile x 1.102 tọn / tonne x mile/1.61 km = 0,204 n'arọ CO2/ton-km
E = TKT x 0,204 n'arọ CO2 eq/ton-km
Ebe:
E = Mkpokọta ikuku CO2 nhata (Kg)
TKT = tonne – kilomita mere njem.
Ebe dị anya site na Ụlọ Ọrụ Nrụpụta (Sotrafa) ruo Ebe Ọrụ (Iche echiche) = 1000 km
Ibu ibu nke a na-ebukarị: 15,455 kg/ụgbọ ala + 15.6 m2 x 1.5 x 0.94/ụgbọ ala = 37,451 kg/ụgbọ ala
641 gwongworo/ha
E = (1000 km x 37,451 n'arọ/ụgbọala x tonne/1000 kg x 0.641 gwongworo/ha) x 0.204 n'arọ CO2 eq/ton-km =
E = 4,897.24 Kg CO2 eq/ha
Nchịkọta nke Geomembrane HDPE 1.5 mm Ụkwụ Carbon
Njirimara nke ụrọ ụrọ ejikọtara ọnụ na ihe mgbakwasị ụkwụ nke Carbon ya
Ejila ụrọ ụrọ kọmpat mee ihe n'akụkọ ihe mere eme dị ka ihe mgbochi n'ime ọdọ mmiri na ebe nchekwa ihe mkpofu. Iwu a na-ahụkarị maka ụrọ ụrọ chịkọtara bụ opekempe ọkpụrụkpụ 0.6 m, yana njikwa hydraulic kacha nke 1 x 10-11 m / s.
Usoro a: A na-eji ngwá ọrụ arụrụ arụ arụrụ arụ gwupụta ụrọ n'ebe a na-agbaziri agbaziri, bụ́ nke na-ebunyekwa ihe ahụ n'ụgbọala mkpọfu tri-axle maka ibuga n'ebe ọrụ. A na-eche na gwongworo nke ọ bụla nwere ikike nke 15 m3 nke ala rụrụ arụ. N'iji ihe nkwekọ nke 1.38, a na-eme atụmatụ na ihe karịrị gwongworo 550 nke ala ga-adị mkpa iji wuo ụrọ ụrọ nke gbara ọkpụrụkpụ 0.6m n'elu otu hectare.
Ebe dị anya site na ebe mgbazinye ego na saịtị ọrụ bụ, n'ezie, saịtị-kpọmkwem na nwere ike ịdị iche iche. Maka ebumnuche nke nyocha a, a na-ewere ebe dị kilomita 16 (kilomita 10). Ụgbọ njem site na ụrọ agbaziri isi iyi na ebe ọrụ bụ nnukwu akụkụ nke mkpokọta carbon anwuru. A na-enyocha uche nke akara ukwu carbon n'ozuzu maka mgbanwe na mgbanwe saịtị a akọwapụtara ebe a.
Nchịkọta nke akara ukwu nke Clay Liner Compacted Carbon
NKWUBIOKWU
Ọ bụ ezie na a ga-ahọrọ HDPE geomembranes maka ịrụ ọrụ tupu uru akara ụkwụ carbon, ngụkọ ejiri ebe a na-akwadokwa iji ihe ngwọta geosynthetic na mgbanaka nkwado na ngwọta ndị ọzọ a na-ewu ewu.
Geomembranes dị ka ALVATECH HDPE 1.5 mm ga-akọwapụta maka nnukwu nguzogide kemịkalụ ha, akụrụngwa siri ike, na ndụ ọrụ ogologo oge; mana anyị kwesịkwara iwepụta oge iji mata na ihe a na-enye akara akara akara carbon nke dị 3x dị ala karịa ụrọ agbakọtara. Ọbụlagodi na ị na-enyocha ụrọ dị mma na ebe ịgbaziri agbaziri naanị kilomita 16 site na ebe a na-arụ ọrụ, HDPE geomembranes na-abịa site na 1000 km pụọ ka na-eme ka ụrọ kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ karịa n'ụkpụrụ ụkwụ carbon.
Site na: https://www.geosynthetica.net/carbon-footprint-hdpe-geomembranes-aug2018/
Oge nzipu: Sep-28-2022